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# Stepper Motor Modes
A typical 4-wire stepper motor has two sets of coils, *A* and *B*. A driver chip, which usually contains two full-bridge circuits, independently controls the amount and direction of current flowing through each coil. When current flows through one or both coils, a magnetic field is created with a repeating pattern of peaks and valleys. The precise pattern depends on the amount and direction of the current in each coil.
A typical stepper motor has two sets of coils, *A* and *B*. Applying a current to one or both coils creates a magnetic field that fixes the motor's position. Any changes to the direction and/or magnitude of the current flowing through the coils causes the motor to "step" to a new fixed position. By repeatedly changing the current flow according to a specific pattern the motor can be made to continuously step clockwise or counterclockwise. The specific pattern chosen determines the size of the step, the direction of rotation, and overall performance of the motor. The speed at which changes to the current flow are made determines the speed at which the motor rotates.
causes the motor to lock into positon. A driver chip, which usually contains two full-bridge circuits, independently controls the amount and direction of current flowing through each coil. When current flows through one or both coils, a magnetic field is created with a repeating pattern of peaks and valleys. The precise pattern depends on the amount and direction of the current in each coil.
A rotor at the center of the motor (which may itself be magnetic, or is constructed out of a ferromagnetic material such as iron) aligns itself with the valleys of the magnetic field created by the coils. As long as current continues flowing, the magnetic field keeps the rotor in a fixed position, preventing the motor from being turned.