Arduino-BLE-MIDI/src/BLEMIDI_Transport.h

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/*!
* @file BLEMIDI_Transport.h
*/
#pragma once
#include <MIDI.h>
#include "BLEMIDI_Settings.h"
#include "BLEMIDI_Defs.h"
#include "BLEMIDI_Namespace.h"
BEGIN_BLEMIDI_NAMESPACE
template <class T, class _Settings = DefaultSettings>
class BLEMIDI_Transport
{
typedef _Settings Settings;
private:
byte mRxBuffer[Settings::MaxBufferSize];
unsigned mRxIndex = 0;
byte mTxBuffer[Settings::MaxBufferSize]; // minimum 5 bytes
unsigned mTxIndex = 0;
char mDeviceName[24];
uint8_t mTimestampLow;
private:
T mBleClass;
public:
BLEMIDI_Transport(const char *deviceName)
{
strncpy(mDeviceName, deviceName, sizeof(mDeviceName));
mRxIndex = 0;
mTxIndex = 0;
}
public:
static const bool thruActivated = false;
void begin()
{
mBleClass.begin(mDeviceName, this);
}
void end()
{
mBleClass.end();
}
bool beginTransmission(MIDI_NAMESPACE::MidiType type)
{
getMidiTimestamp(&mTxBuffer[0], &mTxBuffer[1]);
mTxIndex = 2;
mTimestampLow = mTxBuffer[1]; // or generate new ?
return true;
}
void write(byte inData)
{
if (mTxIndex >= sizeof(mTxBuffer))
{
mBleClass.write(mTxBuffer, sizeof(mTxBuffer));
mTxIndex = 1; // keep header
}
mTxBuffer[mTxIndex++] = inData;
}
void endTransmission()
{
if (mTxBuffer[mTxIndex - 1] == 0xF7)
{
if (mTxIndex >= sizeof(mTxBuffer))
{
mBleClass.write(mTxBuffer, mTxIndex - 1);
mTxIndex = 1; // keep header
mTxBuffer[mTxIndex++] = mTimestampLow; // or generate new ?
}
else
{
mTxBuffer[mTxIndex - 1] = mTimestampLow; // or generate new ?
}
mTxBuffer[mTxIndex++] = 0xF7;
}
mBleClass.write(mTxBuffer, mTxIndex);
mTxIndex = 0;
}
byte read()
{
return mRxBuffer[--mRxIndex];
}
unsigned available()
{
uint8_t byte;
auto success = mBleClass.available(&byte);
if (!success)
return mRxIndex;
mRxBuffer[mRxIndex++] = byte;
return mRxIndex;
}
protected:
/*
The first byte of all BLE packets must be a header byte. This is followed by timestamp bytes and MIDI messages.
Header Byte
bit 7 Set to 1.
bit 6 Set to 0. (Reserved for future use)
bits 5-0 timestampHigh:Most significant 6 bits of timestamp information.
The header byte contains the topmost 6 bits of timing information for MIDI events in the BLE
packet. The remaining 7 bits of timing information for individual MIDI messages encoded in a
packet is expressed by timestamp bytes.
Timestamp Byte
bit 7 Set to 1.
bits 6-0 timestampLow: Least Significant 7 bits of timestamp information.
The 13-bit timestamp for the first MIDI message in a packet is calculated using 6 bits from the
header byte and 7 bits from the timestamp byte.
Timestamps are 13-bit values in milliseconds, and therefore the maximum value is 8,191 ms.
Timestamps must be issued by the sender in a monotonically increasing fashion.
timestampHigh is initially set using the lower 6 bits from the header byte while the timestampLow is
formed of the lower 7 bits from the timestamp byte. Should the timestamp value of a subsequent
MIDI message in the same packet overflow/wrap (i.e., the timestampLow is smaller than a
preceding timestampLow), the receiver is responsible for tracking this by incrementing the
timestampHigh by one (the incremented value is not transmitted, only understood as a result of the
overflow condition).
In practice, the time difference between MIDI messages in the same BLE packet should not span
more than twice the connection interval. As a result, a maximum of one overflow/wrap may occur
per BLE packet.
Timestamps are in the senders clock domain and are not allowed to be scheduled in the future.
Correlation between the receivers clock and the received timestamps must be performed to
ensure accurate rendering of MIDI messages, and is not addressed in this document.
*/
/*
Calculating a Timestamp
To calculate the timestamp, the built-in millis() is used.
The BLE standard only specifies 13 bits worth of millisecond data though,
so its bitwise anded with 0x1FFF for an ever repeating cycle of 13 bits.
This is done right after a MIDI message is detected. Its split into a 6 upper bits, 7 lower bits,
and the MSB of both bytes are set to indicate that this is a header byte.
Both bytes are placed into the first two position of an array in preparation for a MIDI message.
*/
static void getMidiTimestamp(uint8_t *header, uint8_t *timestamp)
{
auto currentTimeStamp = millis() & 0x01FFF;
*header = ((currentTimeStamp >> 7) & 0x3F) | 0x80; // 6 bits plus MSB
*timestamp = (currentTimeStamp & 0x7F) | 0x80; // 7 bits plus MSB
}
static uint16_t setMidiTimestamp(uint8_t header, uint8_t timestamp)
{
auto timestampHigh = 0x3f & header;
auto timestampLow = 0x7f & timestamp;
return (timestampLow + (timestampHigh << 7));
}
public:
// callbacks
void (*_connectedCallback)() = nullptr;
void (*_disconnectedCallback)() = nullptr;
public:
void setHandleConnected(void (*fptr)())
{
_connectedCallback = fptr;
}
void setHandleDisconnected(void (*fptr)())
{
_disconnectedCallback = fptr;
}
/*
The general form of a MIDI message follows:
n-byte MIDI Message
Byte 0 MIDI message Status byte, Bit 7 is Set to 1.
Bytes 1 to n-1 MIDI message Data bytes, if n > 1. Bit 7 is Set to 0
There are two types of MIDI messages that can appear in a single packet: full MIDI messages and
Running Status MIDI messages. Each is encoded differently.
A full MIDI message is simply the MIDI message with the Status byte included.
A Running Status MIDI message is a MIDI message with the Status byte omitted. Running Status
MIDI messages may only be placed in the data stream if the following criteria are met:
1. The original MIDI message is 2 bytes or greater and is not a System Common or System
Real-Time message.
2. The omitted Status byte matches the most recently preceding full MIDI messages Status
byte within the same BLE packet.
In addition, the following rules apply with respect to Running Status:
1. A Running Status MIDI message is allowed within the packet after at least one full MIDI
message.
2. Every MIDI Status byte must be preceded by a timestamp byte. Running Status MIDI
messages may be preceded by a timestamp byte. If a Running Status MIDI message is not
preceded by a timestamp byte, the timestamp byte of the most recently preceding message
in the same packet is used.
3. System Common and System Real-Time messages do not cancel Running Status if
interspersed between Running Status MIDI messages. However, a timestamp byte must
precede the Running Status MIDI message that follows.
4. The end of a BLE packet does cancel Running Status.
In the MIDI 1.0 protocol, System Real-Time messages can be sent at any time and may be
inserted anywhere in a MIDI data stream, including between Status and Data bytes of any other
MIDI messages. In the MIDI BLE protocol, the System Real-Time messages must be deinterleaved
from other messages except for System Exclusive messages.
*/
/**
* If #define RUNNING_ENABLE is commented, it will transform all incoming runningStatus messages in full midi messages.
* Else, it will put in the buffer the same info that it had received (runningStatus will be not transformated).
* It recommend not use runningStatus by default. Only use if parser accepts runningStatus and your application has a so high transmission rate.
*/
//#define RUNNING_ENABLE
void receive(byte *buffer, size_t length)
{
// Pointers used to search through payload.
int lPtr = 0;
int rPtr = 0;
// lastStatus used to capture runningStatus
byte lastStatus;
// previousStatus used to continue a runningStatus interrupted by a timeStamp or a System Message.
byte previousStatus = 0x00;
byte headerByte = buffer[lPtr++];
auto timestampHigh = 0x3f & headerByte;
byte timestampByte = buffer[lPtr++];
uint16_t timestamp = 0;
bool sysExContinuation = false;
bool runningStatusContinuation = false;
if (timestampByte >= 80) // if bit 7 is 1, it's a timestampByte
{
auto timestampLow = 0x7f & timestampByte;
timestamp = timestampLow + (timestampHigh << 7);
}
else // if bit 7 is 0, it's the Continuation of a previous SysEx
{
sysExContinuation = true;
lPtr--; // the second byte is part of the SysEx
}
//While statement contains incrementing pointers and breaks when buffer size exceeded.
while (true)
{
lastStatus = buffer[lPtr];
if (previousStatus == 0x00)
{
if ((lastStatus < 0x80) && !sysExContinuation)
return; // Status message not present and it is not a runningStatus continuation, bail
}
else if (lastStatus < 0x80)
{
lastStatus = previousStatus;
runningStatusContinuation = true;
}
// Point to next non-data byte
rPtr = lPtr;
while ((buffer[rPtr + 1] < 0x80) && (rPtr < (length - 1)))
rPtr++;
if (!runningStatusContinuation)
{
// If not System Common or System Real-Time, send it as running status
auto midiType = lastStatus & 0xF0;
if (sysExContinuation)
midiType = 0xF0;
switch (midiType)
{
case 0x80:
case 0x90:
case 0xA0:
case 0xB0:
case 0xE0:
#ifdef RUNNING_ENABLE
mBleClass.add(lastStatus);
#endif
for (auto i = lPtr; i < rPtr; i = i + 2)
{
#ifndef RUNNING_ENABLE
mBleClass.add(lastStatus);
#endif
mBleClass.add(buffer[i + 1]);
mBleClass.add(buffer[i + 2]);
}
break;
case 0xC0:
case 0xD0:
#ifdef RUNNING_ENABLE
mBleClass.add(lastStatus);
#endif
for (auto i = lPtr; i < rPtr; i = i + 1)
{
#ifndef RUNNING_ENABLE
mBleClass.add(lastStatus);
#endif
mBleClass.add(buffer[i + 1]);
}
break;
case 0xF0:
mBleClass.add(lastStatus);
for (auto i = lPtr; i < rPtr; i++)
mBleClass.add(buffer[i + 1]);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
else
{
#ifndef RUNNING_ENABLE
auto midiType = lastStatus & 0xF0;
if (sysExContinuation)
midiType = 0xF0;
switch (midiType)
{
case 0x80:
case 0x90:
case 0xA0:
case 0xB0:
case 0xE0:
//3 bytes full Midi -> 2 bytes runningStatus
for (auto i = lPtr; i <= rPtr; i = i + 2)
{
mBleClass.add(lastStatus);
mBleClass.add(buffer[i]);
mBleClass.add(buffer[i + 1]);
}
break;
case 0xC0:
case 0xD0:
//2 bytes full Midi -> 1 byte runningStatus
for (auto i = lPtr; i <= rPtr; i = i + 1)
{
mBleClass.add(lastStatus);
mBleClass.add(buffer[i]);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
#else
mBleClass.add(lastStatus);
for (auto i = lPtr; i <= rPtr; i++)
mBleClass.add(buffer[i]);
#endif
runningStatusContinuation = false;
}
if (++rPtr >= length)
return; // end of packet
if (lastStatus < 0xf0) //exclude System Message. They must not be RunningStatus
{
previousStatus = lastStatus;
}
timestampByte = buffer[rPtr++];
if (timestampByte >= 80) // is bit 7 set?
{
auto timestampLow = 0x7f & timestampByte;
timestamp = timestampLow + (timestampHigh << 7);
}
// Point to next status
lPtr = rPtr;
if (lPtr >= length)
return; //end of packet
}
}
};
struct MySettings : public MIDI_NAMESPACE::DefaultSettings
{
static const bool Use1ByteParsing = false;
};
END_BLEMIDI_NAMESPACE